MALPRESENTATIONS AND MALPOSITIONS

When normal delivery begins, the baby enters the birth canal with the head down, and this is called a vertex presentation. It is normal for the baby to enter the birth canal with the part called the occiput located in the upper posterior part of the skull and is called occiput presentation. If the baby enters the birth canal with parts of the head other than the occiput (forehead, face) and other parts of the body (breech, shoulder), this is called malpresentation, and names such as presentation anomaly and presentation disorder are also given. Malpresentation occurs in approximately 5 percent of all births.
It is the most common breech presentation among malpresentations and occurs in 3-4 percent of all births.
Malpresentations are:
Breech presentation: The baby entered the birth canal with breech.
Brow presentation: The baby entered the birth canal with forehead. Normal birth is not possible.
Face presentation: The baby entered the birth canal with the entire face.
Transverse situs: The baby stands sideways in the uterus, the shoulder or arm of the birth canal entrance coincides. Normal birth is not possible.
Risk factors for malpresentation:
- Multiparite
- Premature
- Polyhydramnios
- Macrosomia
- Hydrocephalus
- Anencephaly
- trisomies
- Congenital anomalies
- Placenta previa
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Uterine malformations
- Multiple pregnancy
- Pelvic tumors
- Pelvic stenosis
Malposition:
The term malposition should not be confused with malpresentation. Malposition is when the baby's head proceeds in the birth canal with a position other than "occiput anterior". Normally, after the baby's head enters the birth canal, the occiput proceeds to be anterior and this position is most common during births. Malposition, on the other hand, can be occiput posterior and rarely occiput transverse.
Malpresentation: The presentation is defective. Presentation refers to the part of the baby entering the birth canal.
Malposition: The position is bad. The position refers to the direction of the baby relative to the mother's body. Like right, left, front, back.


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