-Clear and adequate function
of sperm channels,
-Egg cell production in
women,
-The tubes that transmit the
egg in women are open,
-Sexual intercourse on ovulation
days,
-Sperm and egg meeting and
fertilization,
-Uterus function suitable
for the placement of the fertilized egg,
-The fertilized egg settles
in the uterus and becomes the embryo and fetüs,
-The birth of the baby that
has completed its development.
SPERM PRODUCTION
Sperm, which is a male
reproductive cell, is produced in testicles. Production begins in puberty
differently from women and continues until the end of life. Likewise, in the
female period, once a month (ovulation) and one (rarely several) egg cells
(ovum) are formed, male sperm production continues.
At birth, the main sperm
cells (spermatogonium) are found in male eggs to produce sperm. These cells
wait quietly until adolescence. With the increase of hormones (FSH, LH)
secreted from the brain during puberty, the division of the main sperm cells in
the egg begins. The new cells that are formed also become sperms through
various stages of division, development and differentiation.
About 50-200 thousand sperms
are produced per minute in the testicles. Sperms formed in the canals inside
the testicles enter the canal system called epididymis. Here, the sperm, which
continue to mature, become independent when they reach the tail of my
epididymis. It takes about 70 days for a sperm cell to complete and mature.
The sperm consists of 5-7
microns long, 3-4 microns wide, pear-shaped head, 2-3 microns long neck and
40-45 microns long tail.
Sperm Out
When sexual arousal occurs,
sperm cells begin to accumulate in the secretions of semen and prostate, posterior
urinary tract and discharge channels. For accumulation, the upper part of the
urinary tract in the prostate on the bladder side and the lower part of the
prostate are kept closed by the sphincter system. In this way, the accumulated
fluids do not escape from the bladder and urinary tract. The accumulated fluid
is called semen.
When sexual arousal reaches
its climax, an event called ejaculation reflex begins. The external sphincter
is opened while the internal sphincter on the bladder side remains closed. At
the same time, the muscles on the urinary tract and in the discharge channels
contract quickly and rhythmically. With these contractions, semen is thrown out
of the urine hole by a few moves in a gushing style.
EGG CELL PRODUCTION
The tissues on both sides of
the fetus in the womb, and the chromosome structure of the fetus begin to
differentiate into the ovary. In the differentiated ovary, the main cells of
the egg become evident in the 6th week of pregnancy. Until the 20th week, the
main egg cells divide and multiply. Later, these cells with 46 chromosomes
enter the division stage, which will halve the number of chromosomes. This
division, which occurs between the 7th and 9th months of pregnancy, is not
completed. These cells that remain in the division stage are called oocytes.
Surrounded by a layer of cells, oocytes begin to wait quietly in the ovary.
Their number is determined and does not change later. In other words, the
female ovary has a certain number of reproductive cells, unlike the male.
From birth to adolescence,
oocytes that wait unchanged in the ovary will develop after puberty and become
mature egg cells. However, while 99% of them disappear for various reasons,
only 1% of them develop and turn into egg cells.
OVULATION
The amount of LH from the
hormones secreted from the pituitary (the hormone-secreting region in the
middle part of the brain) region of the brain increases on the 14th day of the
female period. Subsequently, the membrane of the mature follicle cracks and the
egg cell is released. This event is called ovulation.
In the ovary, during the
development of the egg cell, hormones called estrogen and progesterone are
produced. In the first period of the period before ovulation, estrogen ensures
that the hormone called progesterone in the second period after ovulation
becomes suitable for the nesting of the fertilized egg. Otherwise, the
fertilized egg will not nest in the uterus and will be abortion.
FERTILIZATION
Fertilization is when the
male reproductive cell sperm meets the female reproductive cell egg and sperm
enters the egg. This event takes place inside one of the women's tubes.
In sexual intercourse, after
ejaculation, the sperm in the semen quickly enter the neck of the uterus called
the cervix. Sperms move upwards in the uterus from here, enter the tubes and
continue to progress there.
The egg cell drops into the
lower part of the abdominal cavity after it is released from the female ovary.
The place where it fell is close to the free end of the tubes, which have
extensions like the glove finger. The egg cell is taken into the tube by the
extensions of the tube. The egg cell is slowly transmitted to the uterus in the
tube. In the meantime, if there is a sperm cell that has reached the tube, the
meeting takes place for fertilization.
After the sperm and the egg
cell meet, the sperm enters the egg's membranes by melting enzymes in the head
and enters it. After a sperm enters the egg, it does not allow other sperm to
enter the egg by changing the properties of the egg membrane.
PREGNANCY
After fertilization, the
fertilized egg (zygote) remains silent for about 30 hours without any
externally detectable change. Meanwhile, the chromosomes from male and female
merged, and the new creature's chromosomes were formed. After fertilization in
the uterus tubes, the zygote advances into the uterus inside the tube. It takes
3-5 days to reach the uterus. At these stages, the zygote multiplies by
dividing. The number of cells increases as 2, 4, 8, 16 ... The zygote in the
nesting stage consists of cells lined up in a single layer that surround a
space. Cells on one side of this collection of cells develop more in number and
in layers. This area is the sticking area of the uterus. The new creature at
this stage is called the embryo.
Nesting starts on the 5-8
days after fertilization and is completed on the 9-10 days. In other words,
while the woman's menstruation is still 4-5 days, fertilization and nesting is
completed. When the woman noticed her pregnancy with her absence, the embryo
was about 15-20 days old.
The embryo continues to
develop rapidly after nesting into the uterus. The period up to the second
month after fertilization is called the embryo period. The new creature, which
later became the name of the fetus, continues its development until birth.
Most of the abnormalities in
the developing fetus occur in the first 12 weeks. For this reason, the mother
should avoid drugs, vaccines, harmful chemicals, viruses and some infections,
radiation and all such damaging factors.
The fetus in the womb is
connected by a umbilical cord to the structure called the placenta. The
placenta is also attached to the uterus. In the placenta, the exchange of
nutrients and various substances occurs without mixing the mother's blood and
the baby's blood. In this way, the fetus takes its nutrients from the mother
and gives the leftovers to the mother. The placenta is permeable to certain
hormones, chemicals, microorganisms and small molecules. Therefore, some
harmful factors faced by the mother also affect the child. For example, smoking
and drinking alcohol directly affect the mother. Likewise, the hormones
released in their sadness pass through the placenta and affect the fetus
negatively.
-FALSE PREGNANCY
-PREGNANCY IN ADVANCED AGE
-PREGNANCY AT EARLY AGE
-CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE
