PHASES OF BIRTH

With the onset of pregnancy, a phase of silence begins in the uterus. At this stage, only softening of the cervix is ​​observed, but uterine contractions are not observed. In the last months of pregnancy, the so-called preparation (activation) phase begins. During this period, the uterus prepares itself for the contractions that will be required at birth. Contraction-related receptors increase, maturation occurs in the cervix. Then the third phase, called the birth phase, begins. The 3 phases of birth described below are included in this phase. The last phase is the puerperium phase that begins after the birth of the baby and placenta. In this phase, the uterus and cervix are renewed and become pre-pregnancy. These 4 phases are called parturization phases.
The 3 phases of birth described below take place within the third phase of the parturition, that is, the birth phase.
1st STAGE OF BIRTH
It is the period until the full opening (10 cm) of the cervix closed during pregnancy with the help of contractions. This stage is the longest stage of birth (about 8-10 hours).
This period is divided into two as passive and active period.
Passive period: It is the longest period of birth and first phase. Pain is less frequent and milder during this period. This period lasts longer in pregnant women with their first birth. It can take from a few hours to a day or two.
Active period: It is the period that begins after the cervix reaches approximately 3 cm clearance. The woman notices this period with her pain becoming more frequent and increasing in intensity. In this period, the pain becomes more frequent every 5 minutes.
2nd STAGE OF BIRTH
It is the period from the full opening of the cervix to the birth of the baby. This period lasts an average of 50 minutes in the first births and 20 minutes in the next births. It is considered abnormal to exceed 2 hours in first births and 1 hour in subsequent births. If spinal anesthesia is applied, these periods are limited to 3 hours and 2 hours. In order to facilitate the baby's landing and delivery in the second stage of birth, the mother is encouraged to strain.
Pushing Technique: While the pain is the strongest, the pregnant woman takes a deep breath and closes her mouth by closing her mouth without giving this air out. In the "C" position of the hip and waist, while bending, he pushes the baby with the full force by pushing the chin to the chest and pushing the baby. The strain should continue throughout the pain, not be strained and relaxed after the pain passes. While the baby's head is born, the pregnant is told not to strain, but the feeling of straining continues. To prevent strain, the mouth is opened and strong short breaths are exhaled.
After the baby is born, the umbilical clamp is attached at a distance of 2-3 cm, the belly is cut and, if appropriate, given to the mother for breastfeeding. Armbands are worn for identification of the baby and the mother and the baby's footprint is taken. In the meantime, there may be tremors in mothers, this is normal, it will go away in a few minutes.
3rd STAGE OF BIRTH
It is the period from the birth of the baby until the birth of the placenta. Usually, the placenta separates and leaves 5-10 minutes after the baby is born. However, this period can take up to 30 minutes. It is checked whether the placenta is complete or not. If part of the placenta remains in the uterus, it will cause bleeding and infection. If the incision is made, it is sutured. Generally, mothers feel great comfort, happiness and tiredness at this stage. Then the mother is cleaned and checked for bleeding and taken to her room. The first few hours are examined for bleeding control, blood pressure, pulse and other findings. In the meantime, if she could not breastfeed her baby in the maternity room, she could love and breastfeed her baby in her room.
Factors that can cause prolongation in the 2nd stage of birth:
- Nulliparite (First birth)
- Grand Multiparite (more than 5 births)
- Advanced age
- Epidural anesthesia
- The baby's weight is larger than normal
- The mother is overweight (obese)
- Induction


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