Thromboemboli: It consists of the combination of the words
thrombosis and embolism. Thrombosis means coagulation. Emboli means that the
clot breaks from the vein and goes to organs such as lungs and brain, and obstructs
the veins there. These two events are called thromboembolism.
In pregnancy, blood vessels clog most often occur in the
veins on the legs. Coagulation occurring in non-superficial and deep veins is
called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Venous thromboembolism is the fact that the
clot, which is detached from these veins, goes to organs such as lungs and
brain and causes vascular occlusion. Even in pregnant women who have no disease
during pregnancy, vascular occlusion has increased due to changes in clotting
factors, immobility and slowing of the blood flow by pressing the uterus into
the vessels.
Venous
thromboembolism:
It occurs in about one in a thousand pregnant women. This
rate increases approximately twice in pregnant women over 35 years old. 10 is a
more common disease in pregnant women than non-pregnant women of the same age.
Approximately 40% of pregnant women with venous thrombophilia have diseases
called hereditary thrombophilia (hereditary coagulation disorders). Venous
thromboembolism is one of the important causes of maternal death.
Causes of
vascular occlusion during pregnancy and lactation, risk factors:
- Hereditary thrombophilia: Congenital hereditary diseases
that tend to clot.
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Inactivity
- Trauma, accident, etc.
- Having had a previous occlusion of the arteries
- Inflammatory bowel diseases
- Sepsis and serious infections
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- Polisitemia vera
- Sickle cell anemia
- Traveling without moving for too long
In which
pregnant women do vascular occlusion and thromboembolic events occur more
frequently?
- For those over 35 years old
- For those who give birth a lot (multipar)
- In the presence of prolonged labor
- For deliveries by cesarean
- Preeclampsia
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Puerperal infection
Symptoms:
In case of vascular obstruction, complaints such as swelling
of the leg, edema, redness, bruising, temperature increase, tenderness and pain
may occur.
If there is a condition such as pulmonary embolism, that is,
a clot leaking into the lung, serious symptoms such as shortness of breath,
chest pain, blood flow from the trachea, rapid breathing, shortness of breath
and excessive fatigue occur.
Treatment:
In its treatment, heparin-like drugs, especially
anticoagulants, are used. These drugs are known as blood thinners. Treatment is
continued for a while during pregnancy and after delivery. The continuation and
form of treatment is determined according to the underlying clotting factors.
These drugs are started as preventive (prophylactic) before
vascular occlusion occurs in the presence of some of the risk factors mentioned
above.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION:
- The most common hereditary thrombophilia Factor V (5) is
the Leiden mutation. It got its name from the city of Leiden in the Netherlands.
The disease was first described in this city.
- The most common thrombophilia is Activated protein C
resistance. The most common cause of activated protein C resistance is Factor 5
Lediden mutation. In addition, factors such as pregnancy, malignancy and drugs
may cause activated protein C resistance.
- The second most common thrombophilia is the Prothrombin
gene mutation.
- The most thrombogenic thrombophilia is Antithrombin 3
deficiency.
- Hyperhomocysteinemia can develop for hereditary or acquired
reasons. Hereditary cause is MTHFR gene mutation. Vitamin B and folic acid
deficiency are acquired.
-CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY IN PREGNANCY
-HEADACHE AND MIGRAINE IN PREGNANCY
-MYOMA IN PREGNANCY
-ROMATOID ARTHRITIS IN PREGNANCY
-GALLBLADDER INFLAMMATION IN PREGNANCY
-GALLSTONE IN PREGNANCY
